One group:

• One session of CRET therapy.
• One session without CRET therapy.

Device:

• BACK3SE, Winback.

• 1. Amplitude gain in flexion and external rotation
• 2. Pain

• 1. Increase in amplitude with CRET therapy (difference of 8.45% for flexion and 23.4% for rotation to the benefit of the CRET group).
• 2. Reduction in pain with CRET therapy.

• No control group
• No long-term follow-up

Grade C: Low level of scientific evidence.

Level 4: Case series.

Group 1:

• CRET therapy (CET) at 500kHz for 10 minutes.
• Device: BACK1SE, Winback.

Group 2 (Control):

• No intervention.

• 1. Pain (VNS)
• 2. Comfort (survey)
• 3. Drugs intake

• 11. Significant reduction in pain in the CRET group (p<0.01).
• 12. Significant increase in comfort in the CRET group (p<0.01).
• 13. No significant difference in drugs intake.

Limitations:

• No control group
• No long-term follow-up

Grade B: Scientific presumption.

Level 2: Well-conducted non-randomized controlled studies.

One group:

CRET therapy (CET 5min + RET 5min) with acupuncture for 10 minutes.

Device: BACK3SE, Winback.

• 1. Mechanical measurements (Cobb angle, EQ-5D)
• 2. Neck disability (NDI)
• 3. Range of cervical movements

Improvement of different parameters.

Limitations:

• A clinical case (not controlled and not randomized)
• No long-term follow-up
• No statistical data

Grade C: Low level of scientific evidence.

Level 4: Case series.

Group 1:

CRET therapy (CET 5min + RET 10min) at 300 and 500kHz for 15 minutes.

Device: BACK1SE, Winback.

Group 2 (Control):

CRET therapy PLACEBO.

• Pain (VAS)
• Discomfort and pain when walking and at rest
• Analgesics intake
• Sexual intercourse retake and painful of intercourse

• 1. Reduction in pain in the CRET group.

  No significant difference between groups.

• 2. Significant reduction in the CRET group (p<0.05).
• 3. Significant difference to the benefit of the TECAR group (p<0.05).

Limitations:

• No long-term follow-up

Grade A: Established scientific evidence.

Level 1: High-powered randomized controlled trials.

One group:

CRET therapy (CET 5min + RET 5-10min) at 300kHz for 10-15 minutes.

Device: BACK3SE, Winback.

• Pennation angle + fascicle length (ultrasound)
• Joint flexibility (Biodex)
• Tissue stiffness (MyotonPRO)

• Significant reduction in the pennation angle with CRET therapy (p<0.05).
• Significant increase in joint flexibility (p<0.05).
• Significant reduction in tissue stiffness (p<0.05).

Limitations:

• No control group
• No long-term follow-up

Grade C: Low level of scientific evidence.

Level 4: Case series.

One group:

CRET therapy (CET 5min + RET 10min) at 300kHz for 15 minutes.

Device: BACK3SE, Winback.

• Knee extension ROM (goniometer)
• Viscoelastic property of the hamstring
• Peak torque for passive knee extension (dynamometer)

• Significant increase in the active knee extension ROM with CRET therapy (p<0.05).
• Significant reduction in viscoelastic property (p<0.05).
• Significant reduction in peak torque (p<0.05).

Limitations:

• No control group
• No long-term follow-up

Grade C: Low level of scientific evidence.

Level 4: Case series.

Group 1:

Conventional physiotherapy treatment.

Group 2:

Conventional physiotherapy treatment + CRET therapy (12 sessions).

Device: BACK3SE, Winback.

• Pain intensity (VAS).
• 2. Ankle swelling.
• Daily life activity

• Significant reduction of the pain intensity for the both groups (p<0.001).
• Significant reduction of the ankle swelling (p<0.001).
• Improvement of daily life activities (p<0.001).

Limitations:

• No long-term follow-up

Grade A: Established scientific evidence.

Level 1: High-powered randomized controlled trials.

One group:

CRET therapy (CET + RET) at 500kHz for 16 minutes (24 sessions).

Device: BACK3SE, Winback.

• Pain (VAS)
• Range of motion

• Reduction of pain.
• Increase of the range of motion.

Limitations:

• A clinical case (not controlled and not randomized)
• No long-term follow-up
• No statistical data

Grade C: Low level of scientific evidence.

Level 4: Case series.